英検１級のライティング（エッセイ・英作文）、二次試験（面接・スピーキング）に使える表現を集めました。

ひととおり声に出して練習しておくと、本番で適切な表現をさらっと使えるようになります。

Introduction（導入）でよく使う表現

TOPICへの導入に使う表現

It is (highly) controversial issue whether or not
It has been a contentious issue whether …

There have been a lot of discussions and debates about whether or not

There is a growing tendency toward ~ among …
There is a growing tendency toward that S + V

There is a growing awareness (among ~ ) that S + V

It is often pointed out that S + V

There are both advantages and disadvantages to ~.

Some people argue that ~, and other people don’t.
Some people say that ~, while others say that …

It is commonly said that …
Few people question that…

主張の書き出しに使う表現

I think…／I do not think

I (strongly) believe…／I don’t believe…

I agree 〔disagree〕that…for the following three reasons.

I think that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.

Body（本論）でよく使う表現

パラグラフの書き出しに使う表現

First, Second, Third,
First, Secondly, Finally,
First, Next, Finally
First of all, In the first place,
Most importantly,
Another (related) point is that …

因果関係・要因を表す表現

~ is a major contributing factor in causing
~ is the root cause of …
This leads to …
S contribute to …
That is why …
That is because …

S bring about a change〔an increase a decrease improvement〕in …

影響・結果を表す表現

S have a positive〔negative devastating profound
S have a harmful〔adverse far-reaching damaging detrimental ripple〕 effect on …
have (dire) consequences for …

重要性を表す表現

The problem is that …
This means…
It is likely〔unlikely〕that …
It is doubtful that …
S should play an important〔vital/key/pivotal〕role in …
S is the key ingredient of …
The benefit of ~ is …

Despite the fact that …
except in the case of ~ 「～の場合を除いて」

「促進する」「改善する」などの表現

promote
facilitate
encourage
enhance
stimulate
maximize (minimize)
pave the way for「～への道を切り開く」

「阻止する」「悪化させる」などの表現

discourage
undermine
exacerbate
pose a threat〔danger problem risk danger crisis
paralyze「麻痺させる」
put〔make become〕 a burden on
threaten
hamper「妨げる」
deter ~ from … 「～が・・・するのを阻止する」
boost the economy
raise public awareness

その他の便利な表現

in the short run …, but in the long run …
「短期的には～だが、長期的には～」

Conclusion（結論）でよく使う表現

In conclusion,
In summary,
For the above three reasons, I believe…
Considering all the above factors,

つなぎ表現

「それゆえに、したがって」

Therefore,
Consequently,
As a result,
Thus,
Accordingly,

「しかし、一方では」

However,
Nevertheless,
Still,
On the other hand,
In contrast,

「さらに、加えて」

In addition,
Additionally,
Besides,
Furthermore,
What is more,

「例えば」

For example,
For instance,
Take … for example,

「～によると、～に関して」

According to ~
When it comes to ~
Speaking of ~
Concerning ~
Regarding ~
In regard to ~

「～によって、～のせいで」

Because of ~
Due to ~
Owing to ~
On account of ~

「概して、全般的に」

In general,
Generally speaking,
By and large,
On the whole,
In sum, 要するに